Ready reckoner depreciation. General Guidelines for the valuation of property within the limits of all Municipal Corporations (except Mumbai and Mumbai Suburban Districts), Municipal Councils, Influence Areas and Rural Areas in Maharashtra as per the Annual Statement of Rates. Ready reckoner depreciation

 
 General Guidelines for the valuation of property within the limits of all Municipal Corporations (except Mumbai and Mumbai Suburban Districts), Municipal Councils, Influence Areas and Rural Areas in Maharashtra as per the Annual Statement of RatesReady reckoner depreciation  Simply select Taluka to get the ready reckoner rates of division or villages wise

Income Tax Act of 1961 allows the depreciation of tangible assets and. The calculation would look like this: $325,000 less $80,000 equals $245,000 building value. Your rates will be calculated using a Small. Return to top. Depreciation is charged in a fair proportion of the depreciable amount in every accounting period during the expected useful life of the asset. Asset Cost Salvage Value Life Of Asset (Depreciation Years) Asset Cost. property built-up area x ready reckoner rate for flats in Rs per sq m. (Cost of Rs 150 less cumulative tax depreciation of Rs 90), i. Depreciation is a method for spreading out deductions for a long-term business asset over several years. 3 THE PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT, 1965 (21 of 1965) 1 [25 th September, 1965] 2[An Act to provide for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or on the basis of production or productivity and for. Now select the location of the property and then calculate the value of the property according to the ready reckoner rate using the below mentioned formula. Temporary full expensing You may be able to claim an immediate deduction for the cost of eligible assets and improvements to existing assets. This is to enable the users of the financial statements to understand the investment made by the business entity in property, plant and equipment. 36: $100,000 x 3. S = Scrap value of an asset after a useful life. ready reckoner (plural ready reckoners) ( historical) A printed book or table containing precalculated values, often multiples of given amounts. After increasing the rate as above, T. 0 3 6 9 12 $0 $9,500 $19,000 $37,500. 10% if after 1-oct Half rate of depreciation if added after 1-october in PY Additional depreciation Popular depreciation rates 䍁⁈䅒午䥌⁓䡅呈 偡来′映㌵ The Ready Reckoner rate (RRR) or circle rate is a standard rate fixed by the State government for property transactions. Now the maximum rate of depreciation is 40%. Taxmann's bestseller for 40+ years, is a ready-referencer for all provisions of the Income-tax Act, covering an illustrative commentary. Key Takeaways. Without taking any other property tax or mortgage interest deductions into account, you've already reduced your taxable rental income by $8,909 annually. Section 32 of the Income Tax Act and Rule 5 of the Income Tax Rules deal with the tax benefits on the depreciation of assets. 2. Using of e-stamp duty ready reckoner year wise which we have provided for the year 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-22 from which you can search current and previous year ready reckoner rates applicable for calculation of government tax such as stamp duty, registration fee along with guideline for calculating the market value of the property. Articles. Rs 1. The mechanism involves an asset such as a building which is depreciated every year. In Mumbai, Nashik, Navi Mumbai, and Pune, the premium is solely applied to high-floor structures. 5 cents per mile. Rates of Depreciation for tax purposes and Market rates of Gold and Silver have also been provided. Year. The assessment year is when you file your tax returns declaring the income earned during the previous year. In the case of a tangible asset, claim the deduction against building,. 07. They were widely used in shops and by tradesmen before the advent of cheap electronic calculators, metric weights and measures and decimal currencies in the 1970s. (H x Rate of Sale for the concerned user after deduction of depreciation) or 40% value of the original permissible floor area of the land in terms of the rate of land, whichever is more. generate Form-16, use our Tax Calculator software, claim HRA, check refund status and generate rent receipts for Income Tax Filing. ( i) In case of such class of companies, as may be prescribed and whose financial statements comply with the accounting standards prescribed for such class of companies under section 133 the. English Marathi. e. You can use it to compare three models — the straight line depreciation, the declining balance depreciation, and the sum of years digits depreciation — to decide which one suits you best. Every company to which Indian Accounting Standards apply, shall prepare its financial statements in accordance with this Schedule or with such modification as may be required under certain circumstances. Year 2: £1200 – £240 = £960. Request a Quote. Depreciation on Straight Line Method (SLM) is not allowed. Y. Where n = useful life. 5 years for residential rental properties and. 14 Lakhs - Rs 2. 2,00,00,000. Property details: This includes the address, suburb, property type, and other relevant details about the property. Divide by 12 to tell you the monthly depreciation for the asset. Property is placed in service when it is ready and available for use in your business even if you have not begun using it. See how much your asset will be worth using the straight line depreciation formula. 2022 - 23. Depreciation is the recovery of the cost of the property over a number of years. Compare that to the new-vehicle price of more than $50,000. Y. R. Depreciation spreads those costs across the useful life of the property. Health and Education cess: – 4% of income tax and surcharge. 4: Stamp Duty Calculator: SD Calculator: 3. 2023-24 (A. Maximum threshold cost of section 179 property before reduction in limitation calculation. Required: Calculate the truck's depreciation for 2016, 2017, and 2018. 15%. For example, the area of a property is 600 sqm and. Y. Here are the MACRS depreciation calculations that underlie our Excel calculator: 1st Year Depreciation = Cost x (1 / Useful Life) x Depreciation Method x Depreciation Convention. This tool has two parts, which are the Straight Line Depreciation method which is the simplest way of calculating loss of value, and also the Depreciating Balance Depreciationmethod which assumes that the value of a depreciating asset decreases. The Himgiri flat in which the Appellant has an 87. Depreciation on Goodwill of Business and Profession [Amendement by FA 2021 , w. 75 = $24,074. Extend 200 stock sheet entries 29 mins. Shown below is the double-declining-balance method using an assetDeductible annual depreciation: $2 million / 39 years = $51,282. In Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh, circle rates are also known as collector rates or district collector rates. Depreciation methods are defined in R&TC Sections 24349 through 24354. Depreciation = $36,000 / 6 = $6,000 per year. CAIRR is a free to use website that provides the Indian Companies Act, 2013 at. July 7th, 2023 Ready Reckoner Rate is crucial in real estate transactions, providing a standardised method for valuing properties and determining taxes & fees. 1825 or 18. To calculate MACRS depreciation, you need to look at the cost of your property and what it would cost per year. Straight-line Depreciation = Cost of Asset / Useful life. When net sale consideration on such asset’s sale is reduced from the written down value (opening WDV + cost of assets acquired if any) of the block of the assets. A subtracts line 21 from line 20 and enters $0 on line 22. Depreciated over 27. to postpone any change in ready reckoner rates. Using of e-stamp duty ready reckoner year wise which we have provided for the year 2015-16, 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21, and 2021-22 from which you can search current and previous year ready reckoner rates applicable for calculation of government tax such as stamp duty, registration fee along with guideline for calculating. A 1-year-old F-150 costs about $35,805. In the example above, your depreciation on an auto would be limited to the business-use percentage of 90% times the maximum 2023 first-year. Ys. Depreciation Calculator. Functional and comprehensive Guide and Depreciation rates as per Firms Work 2013 calculated employing useful life as per Schedule-II and residual value of 5%. the necessary amount expended to get an asset ready for its intended use Salvage Value the value of the asset at the end of its useful life; also known as residual. . b) Industrial Unit = (land rate + depreciated construction cost rate) x 1. This post aims to explain everything about the ready reckoner rate, calculation, importance, etc. Rates of Depreciation - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax. Simply enter your fixed business costs, your variable unit costs and your sales price to estimate the number of units you would need to sell to break even. However, the irony is that only around 3% of the population actually pays tax. A taxpayer may decide to permanently convert a personal residence to rental property. 7 %âãÏÓ 14797 0 obj > endobj 14834 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[568D53A542DD48DB5A473C3FC42769C1>8F2AF3075CB6B2110A00B0C81DFDFC7F>]/Index[14797 230]/Info. Initial Car Value. The IRS assumes a rental property will lose a certain amount of value every year (typically 3. If Accounting Policies, Accounting Standards or Rates or Method of Depreciation are Different - According to the first proviso to section 115JB(2), the accounting policies, the accounting standards adopted for preparing such accounts, the method and rates of depreciation which have been adopted for preparation of the profit and loss account laid. The term Depreciation is a core concept under trading. 20232024 20222023 20212022 20202021 20192020 20182019 20172018 20162017 20152016 2014. A enters the sum of lines 21 and 22, $40,000, on line 23. Similarly, the floor rise premium on apartments in Pune for higher floors is: 11 th to 20 th floor – 10%. Straight Line Depreciation Method: Depreciation = (asset cost – salvage value) / useful life of asset. Now that you have the formula, let’s say for example that you’re trying to calculate the depreciation of a vehicle with an MSRP of $32,099. Ready Reckoner Rate. 1245-2(c)(4). Y. Pukka Structure/otherSetoff and carry forward of unabsorbed Depreciation - Section 32(2) - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax x x x x x Extracts x x x x x Section 72AB - Provisions relating to carry forward and set off of accumulated loss and unabsorbed depreciation allowance in business reorganisation of co-operative banks - Income-tax Act, 1961Asset Depreciation Calculator. The percentage of bonus depreciation phases down in 2023 to 80%, 2024 to 60%, 2025. Record keeping Records to keep for depreciating assets, low-value pools and rollover relief available under UCA. Based on Excel formulas for DB (cost,salvage,life,period,month), will calculate depreciation at a fixed rate as a function of (Salvage/Cost)^ (1/Life) Variable. Depreciation = (Total PP&E Cost – Salvage Value) ÷ Useful Life Assumption. 5. Compare how different outcomes on each selection might affect your profits before placing your bet. Simply select Taluka to get the ready reckoner rates of division or villages wise. These are. Depreciation Expense = ($100 million – $0 million) ÷ 10 Years = $10 million; 3. The government in every budget brings various amendments to the tax laws to accommodate the changing needs of the country and benefit the taxpayers. This book has been authored by Dr Vinod K. 74% in ready. a) Independent land with industrial building = Land Value + depreciated construction cost of building. Stamp Duty Ready Reckoner. The formula to calculate the depreciable cost is as follows. Recovery Period. Step 3: Multiply that decimal value by 100%. As reported by the AAA, the average annual cost of owning and driving a vehicle in 2018 was $8,849 -- 40% of which ($3,540) they attributed to depreciation. manufacture or production of any article or thing – additional depreciation under Income Tax Act of 20% of actual cost shall be allowed. Depreciation: depreciation periodThe depreciation estimates provided are a general guide to allow you to estimate the potential depreciation you may be entitled to claim on a property. INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTS. 33 lakh. Ready Reckoner Rate 2022 Maharashtra Commence from 1st April 2022 to 31st Mar, 2023. ProSeries Fixed asset manager includes: Unlimited asset tracking and automatic depreciation calculation. Year Cost x MACRS % Depreciation 1998 $15,000 x 20. Depreciation is handled differently for accounting and tax purposes, but the basic calculation is the same. You’ll also see the total cost of the lease. This hike will also have an impact on the property tax as stamp duty is 5% of the guidance value in Karnataka and property tax is 2% of the stamp duty paid for the property. The up to 20% hike in ready reckoner (RR) rates for properties this year has lowered the depreciation benefit for flats in 20-year-old buildings to merely 2% to 11%. 10 lakhs, which equals Rs. haveli. 74% increase in the ready reckoner rate. Create and print schedules. The instant asset write-off is limited to the business portion of the car limit for the relevant income tax year. Businesses depreciate long-term assets for both tax and accounting purposes. After this, you need to deduct the depreciation from the construction cost. This innovative calculator allows users to customise their income, property expenses and cash flow to get a realistic breakdown of the cost of owning a property. 2024-2025) [Dated 01-02-2023] A quick review (Limited Information) of the applicable provisions under the Income Tax Act, 1961 for. As per the IRS, depreciation can be understood as recovering the cost spent to acquire an asset until it is recovered. According to this particular study, the average five-year depreciation rate of vehicles in the U. Depreciation is a mandatory deduction in the profit and loss statements of an entity and the Act allows deduction either in Straight-Line method or Written down Value (WDV) method. Depreciation rate is the percentage decline in the asset's value; Example: Calculating Depreciation Under Reducing Balance Method. In this scenario, the reducing balance method formula in excel is: Depreciation = DB (cost, salvage, life, period, [month]) In this formula, the cost is the initial investment cost, and the life is the estimated time the asset will be in use. Here’s how the insurance company may calculate the laptop’s depreciation and actual cash value on your claim: Annual depreciation = $2,000 (replacement cost) / 5 years (lifespan) = $400. Original Cost Basis: $160,000. I sujest other people use this app very good very easy to work esay statment ready work is very easy than use this software any products. R. The useful life of an. Statutes. 2022 - 23. 2023-24 & 2024-25. When you claim depreciation, it’s incredibly important that you retain copies of all 4562's so you can track your prior deductions and claim the appropriate amount in future. Property is placed in service when it is ready and available for use in your business even if you have not begun using it. Taxmann's bestseller for 40+ years, is a ready-referencer for all provisions of the Income-tax Act, covering an illustrative commentary. Firstly, apply the depreciation to the Ready Reckoner value. The annual depreciation comes off the top of your net operating income. Divide the result, which is the depreciation basis, by the number of years of useful life. The period represents the accounting period or the year for which the depreciation is being computed. On Form 4562 Depreciation and Amortization, enter the following text for each method of depreciation: "S/L" - Straight Line. By defining circle rates in Karnataka, the state government affixes the price per unit below which one can make no transactions of properties. 3. This naturally refers to the. 2021. S. 25% of income tax where total income exceeds Rs. Topic No. Step 2: Click on the section ‘Ease of Doing Business’ section. Asset Type. Rates of Depreciation for tax purposes and Market rates of Gold and Silver have also been provided. Total Lease Cost. (If the residence would be sold at a gain, the ability to exclude up to $250,000 of gain ($500,000. The percentage it was used for business is 60%. If my sale/purchase consideration is higher than ready reckoner rate, will I be eligible for depreciation on the stamp duty? It's a. Visit GRAS, Select Mode (Online / ATC) of Payment, enter details and generate e-Challan. potential. 2023-24 & 2024-25. blackcurrant. Block of assets means group of assets falling within a class of assets for which same rate of depreciation is prescribed. 5 years: $220,000 basis for depreciation / 27. the necessary amount expended to get an asset ready for its intended use Salvage Value the value of the asset at the end of its useful life; also known as residual. This means if a property value is worth ₹60,00,000 and the ready reckoner rate is ₹50,00,000, stamp duty will be applicable on the higher value, that is, ₹60,00,000. 5,00,00,000. 2. $30,000. When you're ready to amend, find your situation below and follow the instructions. Which depreciable amount of an asset is the cost of an asset or other amount substituted forward cost, less hers residual added. The asset's cost includes all costs necessary to get the asset in place and ready for use. Guidance Value Karnataka increased. The Maharashtra government has increased ready reckoner (RR) rates in the range of 10 per cent and 40 per cent in Mumbai and rest of the state. Notably, if this rate is higher. Taxmann's bestseller for 40+ years, is a ready-referencer for all provisions of the Income-tax Act, covering an illustrative commentary. S No. The depreciation of an asset is spread evenly across the life. The depreciation estimates provided are a general guide to allow you to estimate the potential depreciation you may be entitled to claim on a property. Any amenities that are present with the property further impact the ready reckoner rate. Ending PP&E, net = Beginning PP&E, net + Capex – Depreciation. 10 [ 40 ] IV. Image Source: Google Play. Direct Tax Collections for F. 8%) Lincoln MKZ (% Depreciation: 55. Depreciation is the process by which you would deduct the cost of buying or improving rental property. total income. 3. [As amended by Finance Act, 2023] Net Income Range Rate of Income-tax Assessment Year 2024-25 Assessment Year 2023-24 Up to Rs. Annual Statement of Rates. 01 of Foreign Trade Policy, EPCG Scheme allows import of capital goods (except those specified in negative list in Appendix 5 F) for pre-production, production and post-production at zero customs duty. NEW DEPRECIATION RATE ON FIXED ASSETS AS PER INCOME TAX ACT DOWNLOAD PDF OR WORD FORMATE. The reduction in the Mumbai ready reckoner rate was 0. The guideline value is determined based on the property type and location. Y. People claim the deduction of depreciation only for accounting or for the purpose of taxation. 80%. Taxable income: $250,000/year — $51,282. Read Taxmann's Direct Taxes Ready Reckoner (DTRR) | A. I. 2018-19 is computed as follows-. BMT has completed more than 800,000 property depreciation schedules, helping Australian commercial building owners and tenants save thousands of dollars every year. Retained Earnings Formula. Note:- 1] While determining the value of the old tenanted buildings in Mumbai City and suburbs as well as the. 2021. Capital goods imported under EPCG Authorisation for physical exports are also exempt from IGST and Compensation Cess. Dated 22nd June, 2018. No Adjustment of Losses brought forward from earlier years and/or Additional Depreciation of earlier years is permitted. Sr. The template displays the depreciation rate for the straight-line method based on scrap value. Direct Taxes Ready Reckoner, as its name suggests, is a crisp and unique analysis and explanation of the legal provisions under the Income-tax Act, 1961. 74% in ready reckoner. 2022 - 23. Income Tax Act of 1961 allows the depreciation of tangible assets and intangible assets. The basic way to calculate depreciation is to take the cost of the asset minus any salvage value over its useful life. Completed Age of building in Years R. General Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Rajasthan and Telangana, 2023- Relieving of Expenditure Observer from Election Duty- regarding. This calculator is designed as a quick ready reckoner for Balance Sheet calculations. Value after 5th year: Value of the vehicle after the fifth year x 0. Y. Showing beginning cost, 20% of that beginning cost, the balance after deducting depreciation. This is the concept of “depreciation recapture”. Under the modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) general depreciation system (GDS), domestic rental property depreciation is calculated using 27. 00. Check Ready Reckoner Rates: Know More: 3. General Guidelines for the valuation of property within the limits of all Municipal Corporations (except Mumbai and Mumbai Suburban Districts), Municipal Councils, Influence Areas and Rural Areas in Maharashtra as per the Annual Statement of Rates. Year: 2021 - 2022 Get Current Ready Reckoner Rate of district Mumbai minimum rate notified annunal by the Maharashtra State Government ASR for period 1/4/2021 upto 31/3/2022. In Part IV, you’ll combine certain numbers you’ve used in other parts of the form including one from line 28 in Part V. You can do calculations for Residential Flat, Bungalow / Duplex / Row House, Commercial Office, Shop and Industrial Unit on the click of your mouse or even on your mobile. Asset Value. Find out how chancellor Jeremy Hunt’s tax and spending plans will affect your personal finances The 2023/24 figures include the national insurance cut which. Maharashtra Govt. Exposure calculators and ready-reckoners. If it is a flat then use the formula-. Y. Year 2 = $6,000. 5: Public Data Entry for Registration: PDE: 3. Depreciation under the Company Act 2013 is a critical aspect of financial reporting, determination the methodically allocation for an asset’s cost over its useful life. The new rules allow for 100% bonus "expensing" of assets that are new or used through 2022. Capex → Increase in PP&E. therefore, the tax base (opening balance as per IT Act) is –. The decision is often made as a result of the taxpayer’s inability to sell the property at a gain or a desire to retain the property for future personal use. The reduction in stamp duty rates during the pandemic period provided substantial savings for homebuyers, contributing to increased property. If these improvements have a useful life, they should be depreciated. G1-G9 file ASP/GSP resolution. For flats and apartments, rates range from Rs 34,050 to Rs 1,47,730 per square meter, with locations like Erandwane, Ganesh Peth, and Shaniwar Peth at the higher end. This standard deals with the four main aspects of financial reporting of property, plant and equipment (PPE) that are likely to be of major relevance in the FR exam, namely: initial measurement. Language. See full list on procounsel. According to the formula, the depreciation value of the property is 15/30 which is 1/2. Request a commercial tax depreciation schedule quote for your property or fit-out. Step 1: Select the Assessment Year. 11th to 20th floor. If it is a flat then use the formula-. Spread the love Diminishing Value Depreciation Calculator Diminishing Value Depreciation Calculator Initial Cost of Asset: Salvage Value: Useful Life (in years): Calculate Depreciation Depreciation Amount: FAQs GEGCalculatorsGEG Calculators is a comprehensive online platform that offers a wide range of calculators to cater to various. 20 lakh. The original value of your asset or the depreciable cost; the necessary amount expended to get an asset ready for its intended use. 2023-24 (A. Separate the cost of land and buildings. 20)) for the stove and $200 ($1,000 × 20% (0. Where:The Ready Reckoner Rate in Mumbai and Pune varies depending on the location of the property. borivali. MaxITC. Our tool is renowned for its accuracy and provides usable figures and a genuine insight into the potential cash returns you could expect from an investment property. Ready Reckoner Rate. Y. The rates, primarily used to calculate the market value of flats for the stamp duty and registration charges, will come into effect from January 1. Check Ready Reckoner Rates: Know More: 3. Go to selected bank and make the payment across the bank counter submit the Challan with payment and receive the copy of the Challan on next working day. Built-up area x the ready reckoner rate for apartments in rupees per square metre. The formula consists of dividing the difference between the initial capital expenditure (Capex) amount and the anticipated salvage value at the end of its useful life by the total useful life assumption. Year: 2022 - 2023 Get Current Ready Reckoner Rate of district Mumbai Suburban minimum rate notified annunal by the Maharashtra State Government ASR for. Rates of Depreciation - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax. In each of the following years, the depreciation expense would be $3,636. Nov 15, 2023. system calculated the ODep Start date as mentioned above. 4%) Meanwhile, the. The depreciation schedule for the lathe machine is as follows: Year 1 = $3,000. Value when old owner is provided with alternate accommodation. For Year 2,. A ready reckoner is a printed book or table containing pre-calculated values, often multiples of given amounts. For example, if you are filing your tax returns for 2023-24, the assessment year will be 2024-25. Straight-Line Depreciation Formula. 5,00,000. S No. Year 3: £960 – £192 = £768. Y. 33%. 2021 - 22. Your depreciation total for the tax year is determined by taking that percentage of the full amount, so $75,000 x 2. depreciation. As per Para 5. 2024-2025) A quick review (Limited Information). Inside 1031 is your guide to the tax savings a 1031 like kind exchange provides. Here, the word immovable property refers to residential property, commercial property, and land/plot. Various names are used across India, to denote circle rates. Building. Dated 22nd June, 2018. This book provide Index Online Ready Reckoner Rate Pune 2022. सातारा सांगली सोलापूर कोल्हापूर पुणे. Maharashtra hikes ready reckoner rates. C. Products. During the time that he was the homeowner, Tim put $30,000 worth of improvements into the property, including a new backyard fence and numerous kitchen. Details View Jantri; 1: મહેસુલ વિભાગના ઠરાવ ક્રમાંક એસપીટી-૧૨૨૦૨૩-૨૦- હ -૧. Double Declining Balance Method: Yearly Depreciation Value = (2 x straight-line depreciation rate) x (book value at the beginning of the year) 3. Select Taluka. Filing Form 4562. b. Ships (1) Ocean-going ships including dredgers, tugs, barges, survey launches and other similar ships used mainly for dredging purposes and fishing vessels with wooden hull 20 (2) Vessels ordinarily operating on inland waters, not. G. The online Ready Reckoner calculation can be done on Carpet Area or Built-Up Area. The depreciation deduction can be claimed for any property, regardless of location, as soon as it is put to use or is ready for rental. 1st April, 2021. Effective October 1, 2023,Karnataka has seen an increase in the guidance value up to 50%. Except in Mumbai, the ready reckoner rates of all municipal corporations is increased by 8. Follow these steps to check the ready reckoner rates in Maharashtra online: Step 1: Navigate to the official Department of Registration and Stamps Maharashtra website. Depreciation - Section 32 - Income Tax - Ready Reckoner - Income Tax. Then subtract the salvage value from the initial cost of the asset. 2. generate Form-16, use our Tax Calculator software, claim HRA, check refund status and generate rent receipts for Income Tax Filing. The guideline in Chennai is calculated based on the following formula: Property value = Guideline value in Rs per sqm X built-up area in sqm. Bonus Depreciation: Bonus depreciation has been changed for qualified assets acquired and placed in service after September 27, 2017. Ready reckoner rates are listed for all the cities and are available on the online portal of the government of Maharashtra.